Solenopsis xyloni, full face view of a worker (click image to enlarge).
Photo courtesy of http://www.antweb.org/

Solenopsis xyloni, side view of a worker (click image to enlarge).
Photo courtesy of http://www.antweb.org/

Introduction
The genus Solenopsis includes both the "fire ants", known for their aggressive nature and potent sting, and the minute "thief ants", many of which are lestobiotic subterranaen or arboreal species that are rarely collected. Many species may be polygynous.

Identification
Generic level identification of Solenopsis is relatively straight forward, although sizes are greatly variable ranging from approximately 1.0 mm to over 4.0 mm. The genus can be basically characterized by the following: mandible with four teeth (usually), bicarinate clypeus with 0-5 teeth, median part of clypeus with a pair of longitudinal carinae medially or at lateral edges, 10-segmented antennae that terminates in a distinctive 2-segmented club, overall shiny appearance and general lack of or reduced sculpture (when present usually restricted to rugulae or striae on the head, alitrunk, petiole, and postpetiole), lack of propodeal spines or other protuberances on the alitrunk, well developed petiole and postpetiole, and a well developed sting. Workers are either polymorphic (especially in the fire ant group) or monomorphic (especially thief ants). The thief ant group shares these characteristics, but workers are minute (usually under 2.0 mm in total length), usually have minute eyes (usually with only 1-5 ommatidia (rarely more than 18, except for S. globuria in our region), minor funicular segments 2-3 typically wider than long (usually longer than wide in the fire ant group).

 

Biology and Economic Importance
Solenopsis pergandei is a sandy soil inhabitant, living in the excessively drained scrub and dry oak-pine savannas of the Southeast. It is among the largest of the small Solenopsis in our fauna (roughly 1.25 times the size of S. molesta), has a broad and almost square head, is very pale, almost cream colored, and is quite punctate, giving it a much duller appearance than others.

Distribution

Literature Cited

Links

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